In multicellular organisms, cell death balances an increase in the number of cells brought on by cell division. Cells that are irreparably damaged are eliminated from the body through apoptosis. Apoptosis, which is a type of programmed cell death, is known for preventing the uncontrolled cell division. Apoptosis is a natural process that happens throughout development and aging as a homeostatic mechanism to maintain the cell population in tissues. Additionally, it occurs as a defense mechanism in response to immune reaction, exposure to toxic chemicals, or mechanical damage. In fact, apoptosis is one of the main causes of some diseases such as hematologic disorders, autoimmune and neurological diseases, ischemia damage, and many malignancies. For these reasons, the detection of apoptosis and understanding its mechanisms are crucial. Biochemical and morphological changes are seen in the cell when it receives the signal for apoptosis. These changes during apoptosis can be determined by specific methods. Apoptosis can be detected by several assays such as TUNEL (TdT-dUTP nick-end-labelling), agarose gel electrophoresis, western blotting, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). These assays can be performed by dying the cells with chemicals, observing in microscopes, or nonisotopic labeling. The aim of this study is to give a detail information about assays to detect apoptosis.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Apoptosis, Programmed cell death, Assays
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